Reference frameworks
This axis is a lightweight index: names, issuing bodies, links, and purpose. It does not reproduce the substance of the frameworks — that would duplicate work already done, and done well, by the OECD, UNESCO, and others.
International organisations
Section titled “International organisations”| Framework | Issuing body | Year | Nature | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OECD AI Principles | OECD | 2019 (revised 2024) | Soft law / multilateral consensus | oecd.ai |
| UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of AI | UNESCO | 2021 | Soft law / multilateral consensus | unesco.org |
| UN General Assembly AI Resolution | UN | 2024 | Political declaration | un.org |
| G7 Hiroshima AI Process | G7 | 2023 | Code of Conduct | — |
| GPAI (Global Partnership on AI) | Multi-state partnership | 2020 | Working groups / reports | gpai.ai |
| Council of Europe AI Treaty (Framework Convention) | Council of Europe | 2024 | Binding international treaty | coe.int |
Standards bodies
Section titled “Standards bodies”| Framework | Issuing body | Nature | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 42 AI standards | ISO/IEC | International technical standards | iso.org |
| IEEE 7000 series | IEEE | Ethics and technical standards | standards.ieee.org |
| NIST AI Risk Management Framework | NIST (US) | Voluntary framework | nist.gov |
| National Information Security Standardization Technical Committee (TC260) (全国信息安全标准化技术委员会) | China | National standards | tc260.org.cn |
Industry consortia
Section titled “Industry consortia”| Consortium | Membership | Focus | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| Partnership on AI (PAI) | Industry + academia + NGOs | General-purpose | partnershiponai.org |
| Frontier Model Forum (FMF) | Frontier AI companies | Frontier model safety | frontiermodelforum.org |
| MLCommons | Industry + academia | Evaluation benchmarks / datasets | mlcommons.org |
| AIIA (Artificial Intelligence Industry Alliance of China, 中国人工智能产业发展联盟) | Chinese companies and research institutes | Industry collaboration | aiiaorg.cn |
| C2PA (Coalition for Content Provenance and Authenticity) | Technical consortium | Content-provenance technical standard | c2pa.org |
Why this axis lives here
Section titled “Why this axis lives here”The normative force of these frameworks is generally weak (they are soft law or voluntary), but they are often invoked by legislation — the EU AI Act references ISO and NIST, and China’s Interim Measures on Generative AI reference TC260 standards. Treating them as a lightweight index allows topic pages and rule pages to cite them by link when needed.
We do not reproduce the substance of these frameworks here. Both the OECD and UNESCO publish official Chinese translations; linking out is more accurate than copying over.